This is interesting. Not sure if it has been posted already. But once probably isn't enough, anyway. It appears the government did recognize the risk to dairy products:
http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~dms/agroter8.htmlJune 2008Protein Surveillance Assignment (PSA) Summary ReportThe Protein Surveillance Assignment (PSA) is the latest food defense related FDA field activity. The PSA was designed as a proactive effort to review protein sources being imported and in response to the investigations of the pet deaths in the United States (U.S.) that were associated with the consumption of pet food contaminated with melamine, cyanuric acid, ammelide, and ammeline. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) noted that the same protein sources being used for pet foods could also be used as protein sources for human food. Thus, the FDA took this proactive measure to help ensure the safety of the U.S. food and feed supply. This was the first food defense related FDA field act ivity that concurrently looked at both the food and feed supply. It was planned and conducted jointly with several FDA operational divisions (Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN), Center for Veterinary Medicine (CVM), Office of Regulatory Affairs (ORA)), as well as the Food Emergency Response Network (FERN) Laboratories. PSA activities began on May 1, 2007 and continued until June 30, 2007. The assignment focused on imported vegetable protein extracts and finished food and feed products in domestic status. PSA activities ran concurrently with the pet food field investigations and ORA's Prior Notice Center (PNC) issuing additional directed assignments for both ingredients/pr oducts of interest in import status based on
Import Alert #99-29 as well as incoming imports of those products identified in this assignment.
The over-arching goals of this assignment were to:
Examine, through inspection and sample analysis, ingredients and finished products imported from China (or transshipped from China) for the presence of melamine, cyanuric acid, ammelide, and ammeline ;
Launch an educational campaign to make the food and feed industry more aware of the issues in light of the recent pet food recalls involving wheat gluten, rice protein concentrate and corn gluten;
Deter intentional contamination of food and feed through heightened and targeted preventive activities at various points in the chain of supply;
The PSA was originally scheduled to run for thirty days but activities were continued for another thirty days in order to gain additional confidence in the safety of the human food supply. During the PSA, FDA's field personnel were tasked with conducting records examinations and inspections as well as collecting and analyzing domestic and import samples for the presence of melamine, cyanuric acid, ammelide, and ammeline. Throughout the duration of the assignment, over 200 inspections were made throughout the country and over 220 samples were analyzed....
However,
FDA believed t hat in the interest of being proactive and raising awareness it was important for the FDA to conduct an assignment looking at a wider scope of domestic and imported products and to complement other actions being undertaken through the pet food field investigations and the Import Alert put in place by ORA's Division of Import Operations.
SCOPE
The PSA provided an opportunity for multiple components of the FDA and the Food Emergency Response Network (FERN) laboratories to work together in a proactive approach to ensure the safety of the U.S. food and feed supply. The planning group (CFSAN, CVM, ORA, and FERN laboratories) worked together to make decisions and develop a strategy for the assignment. The assignment focused on tiering imported food and feed commodities to determine where the greatest risk for adulteration might lie and then effectively implementing a plan to investigate and sample those commodities. The
criteria for tiering included:
country of origin, protein content and intended populations. The planning group de veloped an eight week schedule to examine products of interest which included both imported ingredients as well as food and feed products already in the U.S. Additionally, representatives from CFSAN, CVM and ORA modified the targeting rules employed by PNC to identify suspect products of interest. For example, the product codes targeted in the PSA were included in the targeting rules, as well as products that may have been transshipped from China.
The PSA included information on specific firms that received or produced the products of interest. FDA inspectors were asked to visit these firms and complete the following tasks:
Conduct food safety inspections
Disseminate and discuss ALERT food defense awareness information
Collect and submit trace back/trace forward information for the products of interest
Collect a sample of the products of interest and send to a participating FERN lab for analysis
A critical component of the PSA was the ability of the FERN Laboratories to:
Identify and/or validate methods and ensure matrix compatibility for analysis of melamine, cyanuric acid, ammelide, and ammeline
Conduct physical sample analysis and screen for other contaminants
Complete analysis and report results within two working days
Products of Interest Product Codes Examples of products that were identified as products of interest for the Protein Surveillance Assignment
Whole Grain/ Milled Grain Products/ Starch- 02 Soybeans, whole grain, wheat flour, rice flour, soybean flour, soybean meal, soybean powder, rice, corn (whole or grain), wheat germ, wheat gluten, wheat meal,
Milk/ Butter/ Dried Milk Products- 09 Acid (lactic) casein Vegetable Protein Products- 18 Soybean protein powder, soy fiber, wheat protein, cereal base meat extenders
Gelatin/ Rennet/ Pudding Mix/ Pie Filling- 35 Agar (Gelatin Product), Pudding (Pie Filling) Mix, Gelatin, Plain
Baby Food Products- 40 Milk Base Formula Product, Infant formula pre-mix bulk product
Dietary Conventional Food/ Meal Replacements- 41 Foods with Supplemental Nutrients Added, with or without artificial sweeteners, Dietary Conventional Foods, Foods (including Water) with Excessive Nutritional Claims, Nutritionally Complete Formulations,
Meal Replacements (Not labeled for treatment of disease), Medical foods
Vitamin/ Mineral/ Protein/ Unconventional Diet (Human/Animal)-54 Vitamin, Mineral, Proteins and Unconventional Dietary Specialties For Humans and Animals, protein
Animal Feed (Non-Medicated)- 70 Soybeans, Soybean Meal Whole/Ground Grains Animal, Animal feeds, Wheat Whole/Ground Grains Animal, Mixed Feed Ration For Animals, Domestic Aquaculture
Byproducts for Animal Foods- 71 Rice Mill byproduct, Oilseed byproduct, poultry byproduct, marine byproduct, dairy byproduct
The PSA utilized a proactive approach for FDA to examine ingredients and finished products imported from China (or transshipped from China) for the presence of melamine, cyanuric acid, ammelide, and ammeline. FDA investigators were able to visit over 200 different firms throughout the United States within the time period of this specialized assignment and make members of the food and feed industry more aware of adulteration issues through the dissemination of the ALERT messages. Inspections were performed at various points in the supply chain including, importers, warehouses, and manufacturers. Samples were collected primarily during visits to domestic food manu facturers or in the case of imports, at the point of entry.
Eight nationwide FERN Laboratories were able to analyze over 220 samples of different products of which
four were found to be positive. The four positive samples were found to be below the level of concern and unlikely to pose a human health risk based on the Interim Melamine and Analogues Safety/Risk Assessment. All of the laboratory results were analyzed and reported with the established timeframes.
CONCLUSIONOverall, the PSA demonstrated the collaborative ability and willingness of all participants to respond to an identified food safety concern.